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CULTURE

18.01.2019

The core of the culture, the main stem and the standard behavior of Abkhazians have always been their etiquette, rich spiritual inner world, built on the high morality - Apsuara.

Apsuara – is a moral and spiritually-religious code of honor and purity of a person. It includes a number of aspects:
- Respect for the Aged. High respect for elders is inviolable law for Abkhazians.
- The cult of the mother. Abkhazians are respectful to all people, regardless of gender, nationality or religion, but with they relate extreme delicacy to women, and especially to the mother, which is clearly presented in the ancient monument of poetic culture of the Caucasus peoples - Nart sagas, where one of the central figure is the mother of Nart heroes - Satanei-Gouacha. The Mother for Abkhazian means everything - honor, dignity, and glory - the basis of Apsuara. 
- Honoring the guest. Elegant reception of guests has got a variety of manifestations. From the moment guests arrive and up to the minute they leave, no matter how long it lasted, they should be the major focus of the whole family, and partly also for their immediate family and neighbors, who, on this occasion, also put aside their affairs. The host is obliged to protect the life, honor and property of the guest.
No less important elements of Apsuara are: respect for nature, love for native land, defense of the motherland, respect for family ties, and loyalty to the word, honor and dignity.
The Abkhaz language is one of the oldest languages in the world. A huge role in the development of the Abkhazian literary language plays the oral poetry of the Abkhaz people, as well as creative intellectuals, especially writers, poets and playwrights - Dmitri Gulia, Samson Chanba, Iua Kogonia, Bagrat Shinkuba, Ivan Papaskiri, Alexei Gogua, Taif Adzhba, Rushbey Smir, Mushni Lasuria, Shota Chkadua, Shalodia Ajinjal, Fazil Iskander.
National culture of Abkhazia is rich by musical and poetic folklore, folk music and dancing.
Polyphony is the main characteristics for the Abkhaz singing. Usually the song begins by a performer, later echoed by the rest of the group in the lower tones. There are no female songs in the musical folklore of Abkhazia but laments and lullabies. Ancient songs usually refer to shepherds and hunting folklore, as well as national heroes. Wedding songs, usually accompanied by dancing, are very colorful. There are State ensembles of folk songs and dances, drama theaters in Abkhazia.
Musical instruments of Abkhazians are very distinctive - wind instruments, drums, plucked instruments and strings. The most popular aphyartsa - stringed instrument with a narrow body, acharpyn – flute with six or three holes, as well as drums and rattles.